What is XML?

hey you all, today we want to share about what we have learnt in our computer class.
XML.

What is XML?

XML is a markup language for documents containing structured information.

Structured information contains both content (words, pictures, etc.) and some indication of what role that content plays (for example, content in a section heading has a different meaning from content in a footnote, which means something different than content in a figure caption or content in a database table, etc.). Almost all documents have some structure.

A markup language is a mechanism to identify structures in a document. The XML specification defines a standard way to add markup to documents.

What's a Document?

The number of applications currently being developed that are based on, or make use of, XML documents is truly amazing (particularly when you consider that XML is not yet a year old)! For our purposes, the word "document" refers not only to traditional documents, like this one, but also to the myriad of other XML "data formats". These include vector graphics, e-commerce transactions, mathematical equations, object meta-data, server APIs, and a thousand other kinds of structured information.

So XML is Just Like HTML?

No. In HTML, both the tag semantics and the tag set are fixed. An <h1> is always a first level heading and the tag <ati.product.code> is meaningless. The W3C, in conjunction with browser vendors and the WWW community, is constantly working to extend the definition of HTML to allow new tags to keep pace with changing technology and to bring variations in presentation (stylesheets) to the Web. However, these changes are always rigidly confined by what the browser vendors have implemented and by the fact that backward compatibility is paramount. And for people who want to disseminate information widely, features supported by only the latest releases of Netscape and Internet Explorer are not useful.

XML specifies neither semantics nor a tag set. In fact XML is really a meta-language for describing markup languages. In other words, XML provides a facility to define tags and the structural relationships between them. Since there's no predefined tag set, there can't be any preconceived semantics. All of the semantics of an XML document will either be defined by the applications that process them or by stylesheets.

So XML Is Just Like SGML?

No. Well, yes, sort of. XML is defined as an application profile of SGML. SGML is the Standard Generalized Markup Language defined by ISO 8879. SGML has been the standard, vendor-independent way to maintain repositories of structured documentation for more than a decade, but it is not well suited to serving documents over the web (for a number of technical reasons beyond the scope of this article). Defining XML as an application profile of SGML means that any fully conformant SGML system will be able to read XML documents. However, using and understanding XML documents does not require a system that is capable of understanding the full generality of SGML. XML is, roughly speaking, a restricted form of SGML.

For technical purists, it's important to note that there may also be subtle differences between documents as understood by XML systems and those same documents as understood by SGML systems. In particular, treatment of white space immediately adjacent to tags may be different.

Why XML?

In order to appreciate XML, it is important to understand why it was created. XML was created so that richly structured documents could be used over the web. The only viable alternatives, HTML and SGML, are not practical for this purpose.

HTML, as we've already discussed, comes bound with a set of semantics and does not provide arbitrary structure.

SGML provides arbitrary structure, but is too difficult to implement just for a web browser. Full SGML systems solve large, complex problems that justify their expense. Viewing structured documents sent over the web rarely carries such justification.

This is not to say that XML can be expected to completely replace SGML. While XML is being designed to deliver structured content over the web, some of the very features it lacks to make this practical, make SGML a more satisfactory solution for the creation and long-time storage of complex documents. In many organizations, filtering SGML to XML will be the standard procedure for web delivery.

hope this knowledge help you to know better about your computer.
ok, see you next time :)

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Playing with Chemsketch

Assalamualaikum w.b.t. 

Hi guys! Welcome back to our blog. Long time no see. (well, actually it's only for a week). It seem that our blog eventually will be updated one post per week, as long as there are no instruction from our beloved lecturer. 

Well, let us come back to our topic for this week which is related on ChemSketch. What is ChemSketch actually? Basically, it's an application that created to ease the work on the chemistry field, especially on organic chemistry. 

There are so many function that provide by that application. The most basic is to sketch the molecular structures, most of it are skeleton type of molecular structures. We can also use it to generate SMILE, get an information about molecules etc.

As what we learned on the class, we also asked to draw some molecular structures which are mainly quite complex to draw it. Somehow, we succeed to draw it. Below are the result of our drawing by using the ChemSketch: 

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Nice isn't it? After that we had taught about SMILE. What is SMILE? :-) <---This?

SMILE is actually abbreviation from "Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry" system. It is basically specification in form of a line notation for describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. SMILES strings can be imported by most molecule editors for conversion back into two-dimensional drawings or three-dimensional models of the molecules. 

Here are example about SMILE notations:

Molecules	S.M.I.L.E
Figure 1	OP(=O)(OC1C[C@H](O)O[C@@H]1COP(=O)(O)O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H](CC2O)N3C=C(C)C(=O)NC3=O
Figure 2	OP(=O)(OC1C[C@H](O)O[C@@H]1COP(=O)(O)O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H](CC2O)n4cnc3c4N=C(N)NC3=O
Figure 3	OP(=O)(OC1C[C@H](O)O[C@@H]1COP(=O)(O)O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H](CC2O)N3C=CC(N)=NC3=O
Figure 4	OP(=O)(OC1C[C@H](O)O[C@@H]1COP(=O)(O)O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H](CC2O)n4cnc3c(N)ncnc34
Figure 5	OP(=O)(OC1C[C@H](O)O[C@@H]1COP(=O)(O)O)OC[C@H]2O[C@@H](O)CC2O
Figure 6	O[C@@H]2[C@H](COC[C@@H]1OC(CO)[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@@H]1O)C(CO)O[C@@H](O)C2O

Thanks for reading. Stay tune with us. Don't forget to "like" our fanpage on: https://www.facebook.com/4LostStudents?fref=ts

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First Day Of Our Life In IIUM Kuantan Campus

Assalamualaikum w.b.t

         How are you guys?? It is nice to see you and for this entry, we would like to talk about our first experience as university students, as this post is the first post from us.

4th September 2012 is the most memorable day for four warriors of us which is consist of Great Paladin a.k.a Batch leader, Abdul Baasit; Master of Enhancement, Khairudin; xifu of annoying, Umar a.k.a NYE and head of idealism thinker, Shuhaib Ar-Rumy.  All of us are apprentice of Science faculty in IIUMK. We are expected to be a great scientist in the future. We are origin by various regions of great democracy state of Malaysia. 

         Ok, let us come back to the topic. As early as 8a.m, one by one of us arrived happily and full of spirit to be the great mankind that have ever born. Without knowing nothing to do, we just follow the crowds. First, we are unintentionally dragged by the crowds to the center of Office of Campus Director (OCD). We enthusiastically wanted to register there, but sadly the registration counter was not there. Luckily, we found our senior there, excitedly selling toiletries with the best price. It is very awkward back then as four of us have bought all the things at our home. 

         After left our seniors at the middle part of OCD, we suddenly heard a loud announcement that asked us to come to the 2nd floor of the OCD building. We are searching for the elevator, but we disappointed as there are no elevator available at that building. Then, we found stairs right in front of the main entrance and directed us to the main hall in that OCD building. We are asked to take a seat and check all the documents that are needed to be submitted at the registration counter. 

Later, after finished all the stuffs, we are ordered to go to Mahallah. Fortunately, we got the same hostel which is called Mahallah Tabari. After finish cleaning the room, we thought that the process is over, but tiredly we have to continue the day with Ta’aruf Program which specially organized by the university to inject new students with valuable information. Our member, Khairudin suddenly disappeared from the gathering, but, frankly, we are not surprised at all because we know who he is.

       After having a long long long day, we think that this story should stop here right now to avoid misunderstanding among our beloved readers. Do enjoy our journey and we hope we shall meet you again next time in the future. As the day go, the next day come. Put a smile in your face and enjoy your day 

Do visit our fan page at facebook.com/4lost-students

4 LOST STUDENTS PROFILE

Name	Matric Number	Course	Email
Abdul Baasit Musaddiq Abu Hanifah	1217053	B.A. Of Biotechnology	basitmusaddiq@gmail.com
Mohd Khairudin B Roslin	1212817	B.A. Of Biotechnology	khaikob@gmail.com
Shuhaib Ar Rumy	1215089	B.A. Of Biotechnology	shuhaibarumy@gmail.com
Umar Qayum B Abu Bakar	1211175	B.A. Of Biotechnology	pakndak92@yahoo.com

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